IPC 498A → BNS 85: Cruelty by Husband

Quick Summary: IPC 498A vs BNS 85

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, which came into force on 1 July 2024, has replaced the colonial-era Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860. Under the new criminal law framework, IPC Section 498A (Cruelty by Husband) is now mapped to BNS Section 85.

What did IPC 498A cover?

IPC 498A dealt with cruelty by husband — husband or relatives subjecting woman to cruelty. Until 30 June 2024, every FIR and criminal trial relating to this offence in India was registered and prosecuted under this provision of the Indian Penal Code 1860.

BNS 85: What changed in the new law?

Added provisions for mental cruelty. From 1 July 2024, all new criminal complaints relating to cruelty by husband are filed under BNS Section 85. Cases registered before 1 July 2024 will, however, continue to be tried under the old IPC provisions as per the saving clause of the BNS.

Punishment under BNS 85

Same - Up to 3 years with fine

Practical implications for advocates, police & citizens

• Advocates: While drafting bail applications, vakalatnamas and written statements for offences registered after 1 July 2024, cite BNS 85 instead of IPC 498A.
• Police officers: Use BNS 85 as the substantive offence in new FIRs; procedure is governed by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS).
• Law students & citizens: For competitive exams, judicial services and general awareness, remember the IPC 498A ↔ BNS 85 mapping.