IPC 499 → BNS 356: Defamation

Quick Summary: IPC 499 vs BNS 356

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, which came into force on 1 July 2024, has replaced the colonial-era Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860. Under the new criminal law framework, IPC Section 499 (Defamation) is now mapped to BNS Section 356.

What did IPC 499 cover?

IPC 499 dealt with defamation — definition of defamation. Until 30 June 2024, every FIR and criminal trial relating to this offence in India was registered and prosecuted under this provision of the Indian Penal Code 1860.

BNS 356: What changed in the new law?

Includes online defamation. From 1 July 2024, all new criminal complaints relating to defamation are filed under BNS Section 356. Cases registered before 1 July 2024 will, however, continue to be tried under the old IPC provisions as per the saving clause of the BNS.

Punishment under BNS 356

N/A - Definition section

Practical implications for advocates, police & citizens

• Advocates: While drafting bail applications, vakalatnamas and written statements for offences registered after 1 July 2024, cite BNS 356 instead of IPC 499.
• Police officers: Use BNS 356 as the substantive offence in new FIRs; procedure is governed by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS).
• Law students & citizens: For competitive exams, judicial services and general awareness, remember the IPC 499 ↔ BNS 356 mapping.