IPC 501 → BNS 356(3): Printing Defamation

Quick Summary: IPC 501 vs BNS 356(3)

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, in force since 1 July 2024, has replaced the colonial-era Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860. IPC 501 (Printing Defamation) falls in the IPC's offences relating to marriage, reputation and intimidation — offences relating to marriage, cruelty by a husband or his relatives, defamation, and criminal intimidation or insult. Retained by the BNS as BNS 356(3), several such offences are non-cognizable or compoundable, which changes how printing defamation is pursued.

What did IPC 501 cover?

IPC 501 dealt with printing defamation — printing or engraving matter known to be defamatory. Until 30 June 2024, every FIR and criminal trial for this offence was registered and prosecuted under this provision of the Indian Penal Code 1860.

BNS 356(3): What changed in the new law?

Community service added as alternative. From 1 July 2024, new complaints relating to printing defamation are filed under BNS Section 356(3), while cases registered earlier continue under the old IPC provision as per the saving clause of the BNS.

Punishment under BNS 356(3)

Same - Up to 2 years

Practical implications for advocates, police & citizens

• Advocates: For printing defamation, check cognizability and whether the offence is compoundable before advising; the substantive provision is now BNS 356(3), not IPC 501.
• Police officers: Confirm whether the printing defamation offence is cognizable before acting, and cite BNS 356(3) where an FIR is registered.
• Law students & citizens: Some offences in this group, including printing defamation, can only be pursued on the complaint of the aggrieved person — know whether yours is cognizable.