IPC 124A → BNS 152: Sedition/Treason

Quick Summary: IPC 124A vs BNS 152

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, in force since 1 July 2024, has replaced the colonial-era Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860. IPC 124A (Sedition/Treason) sits among the IPC's offences against the State and the armed forces — the group the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita redrew more heavily than almost any other. Renumbered as BNS 152, the conduct is recast around the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India, with the colonial sedition offence replaced by a distinct provision targeting acts that endanger the nation, so sedition/treason must now be read through the new framework rather than the repealed IPC 124A.

What did IPC 124A cover?

IPC 124A dealt with sedition/treason — previously sedition, now acts endangering sovereignty. Until 30 June 2024, every FIR and criminal trial for this offence was registered and prosecuted under this provision of the Indian Penal Code 1860.

BNS 152: What changed in the new law?

Sedition replaced with 'Treason' - narrower definition. From 1 July 2024, new complaints relating to sedition/treason are filed under BNS Section 152, while cases registered earlier continue under the old IPC provision as per the saving clause of the BNS.

Punishment under BNS 152

Modified - Life imprisonment or up to 7 years

Practical implications for advocates, police & citizens

• Advocates: Charges for sedition/treason in this group are grave, typically non-bailable Sessions matters — confirm the required prior sanction and frame them under BNS 152 rather than the repealed IPC 124A.
• Police officers: Route a sedition/treason investigation through the prescribed sanctioning authority and cite BNS 152 in the FIR; procedure follows the BNSS.
• Law students & citizens: Because sedition/treason in this group carries severe punishment, never rely on the old IPC 124A number when checking your position under the new law.