IPC 198 → BNS 235: Using False Certificate

Quick Summary: IPC 198 vs BNS 235

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, in force since 1 July 2024, has replaced the colonial-era Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860. IPC 198 addresses using false certificate, part of the IPC's offences against public justice — false evidence, fabrication, screening offenders and similar interference with the justice process. These are carried into the BNS with the same structure, and using false certificate is now prosecuted as BNS 235, protecting the integrity of investigations and trials in its own right.

What did IPC 198 cover?

IPC 198 dealt with using false certificate — using as true a certificate known to be false. Until 30 June 2024, every FIR and criminal trial for this offence was registered and prosecuted under this provision of the Indian Penal Code 1860.

BNS 235: What changed in the new law?

Punished as giving false evidence. From 1 July 2024, new complaints relating to using false certificate are filed under BNS Section 235, while cases registered earlier continue under the old IPC provision as per the saving clause of the BNS.

Punishment under BNS 235

Same

Practical implications for advocates, police & citizens

• Advocates: In a using false certificate matter, intention and the materiality of the false statement are decisive; ensure the complaint cites BNS 235 and meets the pre-conditions for prosecuting court-related offences.
• Police officers: Document the false statement or fabricated evidence precisely — the using false certificate offence is now BNS 235.
• Law students & citizens: Lying on oath, forging evidence or helping an offender escape — the conduct behind using false certificate — is punishable separately from the main case.