IPC 192 → BNS 228: Fabricating False Evidence

Quick Summary: IPC 192 vs BNS 228

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, which came into force on 1 July 2024, has replaced the colonial-era Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860. Under the new criminal law framework, IPC Section 192 (Fabricating False Evidence) is now mapped to BNS Section 228.

What did IPC 192 cover?

IPC 192 dealt with fabricating false evidence — fabricating false evidence (definition). Until 30 June 2024, every FIR and criminal trial relating to this offence in India was registered and prosecuted under this provision of the Indian Penal Code 1860.

BNS 228: What changed in the new law?

Consolidated with punishment section. From 1 July 2024, all new criminal complaints relating to fabricating false evidence are filed under BNS Section 228. Cases registered before 1 July 2024 will, however, continue to be tried under the old IPC provisions as per the saving clause of the BNS.

Punishment under BNS 228

N/A - Definition

Practical implications for advocates, police & citizens

• Advocates: While drafting bail applications, vakalatnamas and written statements for offences registered after 1 July 2024, cite BNS 228 instead of IPC 192.
• Police officers: Use BNS 228 as the substantive offence in new FIRs; procedure is governed by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS).
• Law students & citizens: For competitive exams, judicial services and general awareness, remember the IPC 192 ↔ BNS 228 mapping.