IPC 191 → BNS 227: False Evidence Definition

Quick Summary: IPC 191 vs BNS 227

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, in force since 1 July 2024, has replaced the colonial-era Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860. IPC 191 addresses false evidence definition, part of the IPC's offences against public justice — false evidence, fabrication, screening offenders and similar interference with the justice process. These are carried into the BNS with the same structure, and false evidence definition is now prosecuted as BNS 227, protecting the integrity of investigations and trials in its own right.

What did IPC 191 cover?

IPC 191 dealt with false evidence definition — giving false evidence (definition). Until 30 June 2024, every FIR and criminal trial for this offence was registered and prosecuted under this provision of the Indian Penal Code 1860.

BNS 227: What changed in the new law?

Consolidated with punishment section. From 1 July 2024, new complaints relating to false evidence definition are filed under BNS Section 227, while cases registered earlier continue under the old IPC provision as per the saving clause of the BNS.

Punishment under BNS 227

N/A - Definition

Practical implications for advocates, police & citizens

• Advocates: In a false evidence definition matter, intention and the materiality of the false statement are decisive; ensure the complaint cites BNS 227 and meets the pre-conditions for prosecuting court-related offences.
• Police officers: Document the false statement or fabricated evidence precisely — the false evidence definition offence is now BNS 227.
• Law students & citizens: Lying on oath, forging evidence or helping an offender escape — the conduct behind false evidence definition — is punishable separately from the main case.