IPC 479 → BNS 345(1): Property Mark Def

Quick Summary: IPC 479 vs BNS 345(1)

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, in force since 1 July 2024, has replaced the colonial-era Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860. IPC 479 covers property mark def, among the IPC's offences relating to documents and currency marks — forgery, making false documents, counterfeiting marks and currency-note offences. Carried into the BNS as BNS 345(1), its modernised definitions squarely cover electronic records and digital forgery.

What did IPC 479 cover?

IPC 479 dealt with property mark def — definition of property mark. Until 30 June 2024, every FIR and criminal trial for this offence was registered and prosecuted under this provision of the Indian Penal Code 1860.

BNS 345(1): What changed in the new law?

No major change. From 1 July 2024, new complaints relating to property mark def are filed under BNS Section 345(1), while cases registered earlier continue under the old IPC provision as per the saving clause of the BNS.

Punishment under BNS 345(1)

N/A - Definition

Practical implications for advocates, police & citizens

• Advocates: For property mark def, whether the document is 'false' and was made to cause damage or fraud is decisive — anchor the defence in BNS 345(1) and the document's purpose.
• Police officers: Seize and exhibit the forged document or instrument; the property mark def offence is registered under BNS 345(1).
• Law students & citizens: Creating or using a forged document — including digital records — to gain an advantage, as in property mark def, is an offence regardless of whether anyone ultimately lost money.