IPC 448 → BNS 331(2): Punishment House Trespass

Quick Summary: IPC 448 vs BNS 331(2)

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, which came into force on 1 July 2024, has replaced the colonial-era Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860. Under the new criminal law framework, IPC Section 448 (Punishment House Trespass) is now mapped to BNS Section 331(2).

What did IPC 448 cover?

IPC 448 dealt with punishment house trespass — punishment for house-trespass. Until 30 June 2024, every FIR and criminal trial relating to this offence in India was registered and prosecuted under this provision of the Indian Penal Code 1860.

BNS 331(2): What changed in the new law?

No major change. From 1 July 2024, all new criminal complaints relating to punishment house trespass are filed under BNS Section 331(2). Cases registered before 1 July 2024 will, however, continue to be tried under the old IPC provisions as per the saving clause of the BNS.

Punishment under BNS 331(2)

Same - Up to 1 year

Practical implications for advocates, police & citizens

• Advocates: While drafting bail applications, vakalatnamas and written statements for offences registered after 1 July 2024, cite BNS 331(2) instead of IPC 448.
• Police officers: Use BNS 331(2) as the substantive offence in new FIRs; procedure is governed by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS).
• Law students & citizens: For competitive exams, judicial services and general awareness, remember the IPC 448 ↔ BNS 331(2) mapping.