IPC 278 → BNS 280: Noxious Atmosphere

Quick Summary: IPC 278 vs BNS 280

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, which came into force on 1 July 2024, has replaced the colonial-era Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860. Under the new criminal law framework, IPC Section 278 (Noxious Atmosphere) is now mapped to BNS Section 280.

What did IPC 278 cover?

IPC 278 dealt with noxious atmosphere — making atmosphere noxious to health. Until 30 June 2024, every FIR and criminal trial relating to this offence in India was registered and prosecuted under this provision of the Indian Penal Code 1860.

BNS 280: What changed in the new law?

Fine amount may be revised. From 1 July 2024, all new criminal complaints relating to noxious atmosphere are filed under BNS Section 280. Cases registered before 1 July 2024 will, however, continue to be tried under the old IPC provisions as per the saving clause of the BNS.

Punishment under BNS 280

Same - Fine ₹500

Practical implications for advocates, police & citizens

• Advocates: While drafting bail applications, vakalatnamas and written statements for offences registered after 1 July 2024, cite BNS 280 instead of IPC 278.
• Police officers: Use BNS 280 as the substantive offence in new FIRs; procedure is governed by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS).
• Law students & citizens: For competitive exams, judicial services and general awareness, remember the IPC 278 ↔ BNS 280 mapping.