IPC 153A → BNS 196: Promoting Enmity

Quick Summary: IPC 153A vs BNS 196

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, which came into force on 1 July 2024, has replaced the colonial-era Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860. Under the new criminal law framework, IPC Section 153A (Promoting Enmity) is now mapped to BNS Section 196.

What did IPC 153A cover?

IPC 153A dealt with promoting enmity — promoting enmity between groups. Until 30 June 2024, every FIR and criminal trial relating to this offence in India was registered and prosecuted under this provision of the Indian Penal Code 1860.

BNS 196: What changed in the new law?

Added digital/electronic communication. From 1 July 2024, all new criminal complaints relating to promoting enmity are filed under BNS Section 196. Cases registered before 1 July 2024 will, however, continue to be tried under the old IPC provisions as per the saving clause of the BNS.

Punishment under BNS 196

Same - Up to 3 years or fine or both

Practical implications for advocates, police & citizens

• Advocates: While drafting bail applications, vakalatnamas and written statements for offences registered after 1 July 2024, cite BNS 196 instead of IPC 153A.
• Police officers: Use BNS 196 as the substantive offence in new FIRs; procedure is governed by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS).
• Law students & citizens: For competitive exams, judicial services and general awareness, remember the IPC 153A ↔ BNS 196 mapping.