IPC 94 → BNS 32: Duress/Threat

Quick Summary: IPC 94 vs BNS 32

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, which came into force on 1 July 2024, has replaced the colonial-era Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860. Under the new criminal law framework, IPC Section 94 (Duress/Threat) is now mapped to BNS Section 32.

What did IPC 94 cover?

IPC 94 dealt with duress/threat — act to which a person is compelled by threats. Until 30 June 2024, every FIR and criminal trial relating to this offence in India was registered and prosecuted under this provision of the Indian Penal Code 1860.

BNS 32: What changed in the new law?

Does not apply to murder or crimes against state. From 1 July 2024, all new criminal complaints relating to duress/threat are filed under BNS Section 32. Cases registered before 1 July 2024 will, however, continue to be tried under the old IPC provisions as per the saving clause of the BNS.

Punishment under BNS 32

N/A - General Exception

Practical implications for advocates, police & citizens

• Advocates: While drafting bail applications, vakalatnamas and written statements for offences registered after 1 July 2024, cite BNS 32 instead of IPC 94.
• Police officers: Use BNS 32 as the substantive offence in new FIRs; procedure is governed by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS).
• Law students & citizens: For competitive exams, judicial services and general awareness, remember the IPC 94 ↔ BNS 32 mapping.