IPC 371 → BNS 144: Habitual Slaves

Quick Summary: IPC 371 vs BNS 144

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, which came into force on 1 July 2024, has replaced the colonial-era Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860. Under the new criminal law framework, IPC Section 371 (Habitual Slaves) is now mapped to BNS Section 144.

What did IPC 371 cover?

IPC 371 dealt with habitual slaves — habitual dealing in slaves. Until 30 June 2024, every FIR and criminal trial relating to this offence in India was registered and prosecuted under this provision of the Indian Penal Code 1860.

BNS 144: What changed in the new law?

No major change. From 1 July 2024, all new criminal complaints relating to habitual slaves are filed under BNS Section 144. Cases registered before 1 July 2024 will, however, continue to be tried under the old IPC provisions as per the saving clause of the BNS.

Punishment under BNS 144

Same - Life or up to 10 years

Practical implications for advocates, police & citizens

• Advocates: While drafting bail applications, vakalatnamas and written statements for offences registered after 1 July 2024, cite BNS 144 instead of IPC 371.
• Police officers: Use BNS 144 as the substantive offence in new FIRs; procedure is governed by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS).
• Law students & citizens: For competitive exams, judicial services and general awareness, remember the IPC 371 ↔ BNS 144 mapping.