IPC 354C → BNS 77: Voyeurism

Quick Summary: IPC 354C vs BNS 77

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, which came into force on 1 July 2024, has replaced the colonial-era Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860. Under the new criminal law framework, IPC Section 354C (Voyeurism) is now mapped to BNS Section 77.

What did IPC 354C cover?

IPC 354C dealt with voyeurism — voyeurism (watching/capturing image of woman engaging in private act). Until 30 June 2024, every FIR and criminal trial relating to this offence in India was registered and prosecuted under this provision of the Indian Penal Code 1860.

BNS 77: What changed in the new law?

Includes electronic dissemination. From 1 July 2024, all new criminal complaints relating to voyeurism are filed under BNS Section 77. Cases registered before 1 July 2024 will, however, continue to be tried under the old IPC provisions as per the saving clause of the BNS.

Punishment under BNS 77

Same - Up to 3 years (1st conviction)

Practical implications for advocates, police & citizens

• Advocates: While drafting bail applications, vakalatnamas and written statements for offences registered after 1 July 2024, cite BNS 77 instead of IPC 354C.
• Police officers: Use BNS 77 as the substantive offence in new FIRs; procedure is governed by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS).
• Law students & citizens: For competitive exams, judicial services and general awareness, remember the IPC 354C ↔ BNS 77 mapping.