IPC 120A → BNS 61(1): Criminal Conspiracy

Quick Summary: IPC 120A vs BNS 61(1)

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, which came into force on 1 July 2024, has replaced the colonial-era Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860. Under the new criminal law framework, IPC Section 120A (Criminal Conspiracy) is now mapped to BNS Section 61(1).

What did IPC 120A cover?

IPC 120A dealt with criminal conspiracy — definition of criminal conspiracy. Until 30 June 2024, every FIR and criminal trial relating to this offence in India was registered and prosecuted under this provision of the Indian Penal Code 1860.

BNS 61(1): What changed in the new law?

Consolidated into Section 61. From 1 July 2024, all new criminal complaints relating to criminal conspiracy are filed under BNS Section 61(1). Cases registered before 1 July 2024 will, however, continue to be tried under the old IPC provisions as per the saving clause of the BNS.

Punishment under BNS 61(1)

N/A - Definition

Practical implications for advocates, police & citizens

• Advocates: While drafting bail applications, vakalatnamas and written statements for offences registered after 1 July 2024, cite BNS 61(1) instead of IPC 120A.
• Police officers: Use BNS 61(1) as the substantive offence in new FIRs; procedure is governed by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS).
• Law students & citizens: For competitive exams, judicial services and general awareness, remember the IPC 120A ↔ BNS 61(1) mapping.